Reducing Prejudice and Stereotypes Essay Example for Free

Lessening Prejudice and Stereotypes Essay Partiality is a conclusion or judgment without due assessment toward one side of an inquiry from different contemplations than those having a place with. Or on the other hand we can say that preference is a predisposition with respect to pass judgment, member of the jury or witness which meddles with reasonableness of judgment. Preference includes negative emotions when they are within the sight of or even consider individuals from the gathering. Preference regularly includes generalizations, recommending that all individuals from a gathering carry on in specific manners and have certain attributes. Accordingly, bias has both psychological and full of feeling parts. Full of feeling segment is the positive or negative mentality/feeling. Next to the intellectual part contains generalizations. Bias will be managed as a solitary arrangement of elements that capacity to dehumanize individuals who are recognizably unique here and there from the individuals whose discernments are restricted by the brokenness we called partiality. This methodology is taken for two reasons. To begin with, it is effectively faultless through the uderstanding of the elements of preferences and second the proceeded with partition and grouping of biases as per the shallow classes of the individuals who are preferential is an injury to the individuals who are the objectives of segregation and a contortion of the real world. A lot of bias stems from our pre-making a decision about different people’s propensities, customs, methods of talking and worth. We regularly do this with no essential for the judgment other that the way that they (the traditions, values, methods of talking, and so on) are diverse structure our own. At the point when we are limits to a solitary culture, it’s inconceivably hard to see that one’s way isn't the main way, that one’s truth isn't the main conceivable manner by which things are finished. To go far and wide and seeing the variousity of culture may turn into the most delightful activity for diminishing preference. There is no better method to be persuaded of this than to go to another nation where millions individuals are accomplishing something else from you. Another approach to decrease bias is to make a companion with many foundation culture. From that, we can discover that we are for the most part extraordinary and we need to acknowledge that d istinctions. By tolerating and discovering that distinctions, the quantity of prejudicing individuals will be decline. Partiality decrease alludes to a collectionof strategies intended to separate these ruinous generalizations. Regularly preference decrease programs occur taking things down a notch for instance in workshops which unite individuals from various gatherings to assist them with building up a superior shared comprehension. Now and again, endeavors are made to diminish bias among everybody. This should be possible with wide spread media endeavors and state funded training programs frequently actualized during the evaluation school years. In both little scope and enormous scope endeavors, an initial step which is basic to the accomplishment of these projects is a capacity to defeat the numerous correspondences issues refered to somewhere else in this preparation program. This is on the grounds that a lot of bias emerges from straightforward mistaken assumptions and the inclination to present more awful defense suspicions without dependable data. At the workshop level, facilitators can assis t individuals with investigating their generalizations, and figure out how to speak with one another in a progressively open, trusting, and responsive way. At the network or cultural level, mistaken assumptions can be tended to through painstakingly made open media crusades and additionally training programs intended to counter regular generalizations and present all gatherings in their most ideal light. In any case, adjusting poor correspondence may isn't generally enough to beat partiality. Better correspondence may essentially demonstrate that the gatherings do, truth be told, hold each other in common scorn, or that they are, without a doubt, attempting to subvert every others interests. Regularly such threatening vibe is the aftereffect of acceleration forms which change moderately minor incitements into extreme encounters. Thus methodologies for constraining acceleration are likewise a fundamental part of successful bias decrease. This additionally can be endeavored in workshop settings or at the bigger, network level. Then again, we will discuss generalizations. Generalizations will be speculations or presumptions that individuals make about the attributes of all individuals from a grup dependent on picture that regularly off-base about what individuals in that gathering resemble. Most generalizations likely will in general pass on a negative impression. By generalizing we induce that an individual has an entire range qualities and capacities that we accept all ind ividuals from that gathering have. Investigates have discovered that generalizations exist of various races, societies or ethnic gatherings. Despite the fact that the terms race, culture and ethnic gatherings have various implications, we will interpret them as meaning generally something very similar right now. Of course, racial generalizations consistently appear to support the race of the holder and put down different races. It is likely evident saying that each ethnic gathering has racial generalizations of different gatherings which can be believed to profit each gathering since it helps over the long haul to relate to one’s own ethnic gathering thus discover insurance and advance security and achievement of the gathering. A concise depiction of generalizing incorporates: gathering individuals dependent on their race, ethnicity, religion, languange, customs, appearance, sexual orientation or culture; precluding individuals rights in light of the fact that from claiming the gathering have a place with; accepting that one’s own gathering is unrivaled close to different gatherings are sub-par. What's more, the approaches to diminish generalizing incorporates: advancing direct information through close to home encounters; placing one self in another’s shoes and thinking about various viewpoints; progressing in the direction of a significant objective with others when all offer equivalent status. It will normally be hard to change generalizations and preference, in light of the fact that such change should beat the entirety of the intellectual procedures, for example, one-sided data search, translation and memory conduct affirmation, just as social procedures, for example, weights to comply with the convictions of others, all of which work to keep up generalizations flawless. By the by, social clinicians have created numoerous hypotheses about when and why generalizations will or won’t change and a few mediations have been viable at evolving generalizations. By and large, there are three kinds of progress in convictions that can help lessen negative intergroup experiences. Maybe the most evident change includes making more positve impression of the gathering in general. At the point when we diminish an individual’s level of preference or change their generalizations to be progressively positive. In any case, change doesn't generally need to include getting progressively positive about the gathering. On the off chance that we change the view of the fluctuation of a gathering with the end goal that the individual no longer accepts that the entirety of the gathering individuals are the equivalent, we have likewise lessen generalizing, regardless of whether the convictions have not become more positve by and large. At last, we will have been succesful on the off chance that we have had the option to diminish the inclination for a person to utilize social classes when making a decision about others, with the outcome that they are almos t certain individuate others.

A Contrasting Comparison of Women at Home and in the Work Field

The cutting edge lady has gotten something beyond a partner in a male ruled work environment. She has become the exemplification of a fruitful individual. The cutting edge profession lady regularly wears 2 caps or more. Her character has gotten increasingly adaptable as the necessities throughout her life have developed progressively unpredictable and time consuming.Yes, a lady today is something beyond a lady is. She is presently a little girl, spouse, mother, companion, financial specialist, and everything without exception else that she must be in the middle. Seeing an advanced spouse and mother makes me wonder what it resembled for the kids and husbands of yesteryears. Prior to the boisterous existence of today, when most families are compelled to live on 2 salaries from the couple, a lady appeared to lead a tranquil life.Her just concern at that point was the means by which to cook the chicken defrosting on the kitchen counter. When precisely did this change occur? How has it in fluenced the manner in which a family capacities nowadays? In all honesty, there was really a period in history when ladies remained at home and dealt with the family. This was all before World War 2 changed the scene of the working environment as the individuals of then new it to be.Before the war broke out in 1948, ladies were substance to remain at home. Spouses dealt with the family unit while the men worked and gave the funds expected to continue his family. Ladies were substance to remain at home and deal with the children.The youngsters were glad since they got back home from school or play time and had someone at home with a glass of revitalizing lemonade for them or newly heated treats for a bite. The ladies were progressively strong of their brood.As a mother, the ladies ensured that the youngsters were all around dealt with, increasingly secure in the idea that their mom cherished them since they could see her and feel it more and regularly. A mother's job at that point i s similarly as significant as a mother's job now. Mother's at that point were not as worried as they are today. Indeed, ladies at that point were additionally drained and focused on out.They were exceptionally occupied and as of now had 24 hour work days. They were more joyful however. This is on the grounds that they managed just a single circumstance at once and the routine didn't differ that regularly so managing any issues presented before them appeared to be so minor and basic sensical.Then out of the blue, the United States engaged in World War 2 on June 6, 1944. This is the date that changed the family and working man's scene for eternity. Ladies were as of now as of now gradually entering different workplaces.The war quickened their entrance significantly more. As most men dispatched off to battle the war, ladies were left at home and were constrained into the surprising circumstance of being both mother and father, parental figure and supplier for their brood. Ladies starte d working where men used to function as a demonstration of help for the officers abroad who were providing their lives so as to ensure that the groups of the world would keep on living free from tyranny.This was the beginning of the unobtrusive changes in the relational peculiarities into what we presently realize that it generally will be. Gradually, the mother and spouse figure, the lady children could generally trust and converse with, their mother, the lady who ensured that a hot supper hung tight for her significant other when he returned home tired from work began to vanish from the world.After the war, ladies decided to proceed down the new way that had opened up for them. Ladies felt that it gave them equivalent balance with men and working gave them another feeling of satisfaction that they used to enlarge what was currently to them an exhausting existence of a housewife.This development kept on advancing until ladies at long last turned into the double careered ladies of t oday. She is both a mother and a worker. A spouse and an official, and so on, she can do it. Ladies of the 21st century have apparently idealized the craft of multitasking.All of this advancement in the lady's strengthening development came at a significant expense to their families however. As ladies found that they are something beyond beautiful faces who could do different things beside care for the men and the family, the very establishment that had the lady as its steady spine endured an enormous blow. The groups of today have gotten truly defenseless against disintegration.Now, on the grounds that the two guardians are as of now working because of the significant expense of living, no one is around to direct the childhood of the youngsters any longer. Latchkey kids are presently the standard and the absence of parental management have permitted children the opportunity to explore different avenues regarding wrongdoing and drugs.Divorce has become increasingly regular these day s.â As the husband and spouse lose time for their family, lose an opportunity to converse with one another and discover how they are faring in their lives as people, a couple and guardians, the wind up following the confused conviction that more cash implies a more grounded family. Cash doesn't make for an upbeat family.Togetherness and comprehension does. This is the thing that the groups of yesteryears had that we no longer have today. These days, a lady, as a mother and spouse wants to give her family their due regard, love and comprehension. Yet, she is simply so worn out from work constantly that she inadvertently vents on her family by taking what brief period she can offer to them regarding quality time away from them.This generally happens in light of the fact that the lady as of now loses her feeling of self-esteem and who she truly is. By and by, this is something that didn't exist for ladies before 1942.The war didn't influence only the mind of men; truth be told, the impacts of that war have arrived at more distant than any time in recent memory thought conceivable. It removed the honesty of ladies and supplanted it with females who have a need to continually demonstrate that they can rise to the man in any field or work place.I get it will require some investment before the ladies can finish their development into the ideal being. In my brain, this is the lady who can be vocation driven in the work place, yet at the same time be the mindful housewife and mother who existed back in the prior years World War 2.Works Cited:Cristina Giampoli's Homepage. History 175 Project. November 25, 2006. <http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/st/~cg3/0%7Eindex.html>

quants are not that scary when weve got your back COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

quants are not that scary when weve got your back COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog If you majored in business or a natural science in undergrad then you are probably not that concerned about math. However, if you are like a large proportion of SIPA students who concentrated more on “political” than “science”, you will need to brush up on your math skills. But don’t worry, Columbia has resources. Preparing  beforehand, is an excellent way to ensure you have the time to meet all your SIPA requirements. You may consider taking quantitative and/or economic courses to boost your quantitative resume. If additional classes are too expensive, there are a number of free and reputable online courses that you can choose from. I also recommend Schaums “Outline of Mathematical Methods for Business and Economics” (ISBN: 9780070176973).    It is a great workbook for practicing all the things you forgot you knew. After you are accepted to SIPA, you will have access to online math tutorials all summer long… but don’t wait. Once you get to SIPA, you will still have some great resources. All students attend math camp during orientation. At the end of this high speed review from algebra to calculus, you will take a placement exam. If you test out of it, great. If not, there are three levels of courses given over the first four weeks of classes. Your score will determine into which 4 week Lab you are placed; those scoring very low will be required to attend additional sessions. In the math courses, you will continue to review the essential math topics and there is no test to complete the class. Attendance is mandatory and you should definitely take advantage of the free resource. You will actually use it in your year-long economics adventure and your quantitative analysis course. Math tutors may be available through the Office of Student Affairs.   Also, throughout the year, the Teacher Assistants (TAs), are available to help you prep for your quant heavier courses. Calculate your opportunity cost and take advantage of SIPAs technically FREE resources. If you still feel like you are just not made for math, read these articles by The Atlantic: Math doesn’t have to be scary! The Atlantic: http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2013/10/algebra-doesnt-have-to-be-scary/280931/ The myth of “I’m bad at math” The Atlantic: http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2013/10/the-myth-of-im-bad-at-math/280914/

Erik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory - 788 Words

Name On Wednesday, Joseph’s mother sent a note asking if she can bring in a cake so he can celebrate with his friends. The same day, Joseph banged his chin on the floor and hit a staff during transitions. As a consequence, the staff decided to take away the privilege of him celebrating his birthday in the classroom with his peers. As a result, the classroom assistant wrote a letter to his mother talking about his behavior but failed to say that she should not bring in a cake due to his behavior. Therefore, Joseph’s mother brought cupcakes in for him to share with his friends. Majority of the staff felt that he did not deserve to have the cupcakes. Thus, in the end, my cooperating teacher decided not to celebrate his birthday. Reflect Joseph is ten years old and is in the fourth grade. According to Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory, he is in the industry versus inferiority stage (Crandell et al., 2012). Students at this stage are curious and want to complete tasks independently. They want to feel competent and want to show that they are capable of accomplishing things. Joseph may have felt inferior to the staff in this situation because he was reprimanded by a staff and had no control. Joseph usually has a difficult time transitioning from task to task. He displays inappropriate behaviors such as, banging his chin in frustration during transition. Joseph was told to move from one activity to another and as a result, he banged his chin on the floor. The aide in theShow MoreRelatedErik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory1652 Words   |  7 PagesErik Erikson s psychosocial theory and Sigmund Freud s psychosexual theory are two well-known theories of personality development with various similarities and differences. While Erikson was influenced by Freud s ideas, his theory differed in a number of important ways and was ultimately created to be an improvement to Freud’s personality development theory (Friedman Schustack, 2012). Like Freud’s psychosexual theory, Erikson agreed that personality progresses in a sequence of predeterminedRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesErik Erikson’s psychosocial theory states tha t we go through 8 developmental stages in life. Erikson states that these stages are necessary in the progression and development of human growth from infancy into adulthood. Each developmental stage presents a crisis that must be resolved during that stage for a healthy development. Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory outlines that we develop in psychosocial stages instead of psychosexual ones. I agree with Erikson because one might not get through theRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development884 Words   |  4 PagesErik Erikson Erik Erikson was born June 15, 1902. Erikson is best-known for his famous theory of psychosocial development and the concept of the identity crisis. His theories marked an important shift in thinking on personality; instead of focusing simply on early childhood event, his psychosocial theory looked at how social influences contribute to personality throughout the entire lifespan. Erik Erikson died May 12, 1994 due to prostate cancer. (Erik Erikson, 2015). Stages of Psychosocial DevelopmentRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development Essay1177 Words   |  5 Pages Erik Erikson was born in Greman in 1902-1994, American psychoanalyst; known for psychosocial theory of emotional development of human beings. His theory looks at the impact of parents and society on personality development from childhood to adulthood. Erikson believes, each person has to pass through a series of eight stages over there entire life cycle. I will look at the first 3 stages that cover the childhood years. There are set of conflict at each stage, which allows individual to developRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Development Theory1518 Words   |  7 PagesABSTRACT This research paper will show a thorough review of Erik Erikson s Psychosocial Development Theory, specifically the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Psychosocial Development, according to Erik Erikson, is a continuity of crisis throughout our lifespan; these challenges will shape our personality and the way we perceive our surroundings. In addition to this, the different stages mentioned in this Theory complement each other and help us to develop the tools to achieve a sense ofRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development Essay1366 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Erik Erikson (1902-1994) provided a new perspective of psychosocial behavior and development while expanding on the works of other theorists. Erikson believed there to be eight stages of psychosocial development which a person transitions through. These stages start at birth and end with old age/death. Erikson’s work is used throughout many outlets of social work. Social workers use this information to help them figure out what is going on with clients and how best to help them. Erikson providesRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1445 Words   |  6 PagesErik Erikson was an ego psychologists who developed one of the utmost popular and prominent theories of development. While Erikson’s theory was influenced by psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud s work, Erikson s theory centered on psychosocial development rather than psychosexual development. Erik Erikson s theory of psychosocial development is one of the best-known theories of personality in psychology. Much like Sigmund Freud, Erikson believed that personality develops in a series of stages. UnlikeRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1818 Words   |  8 Pagesinfluential theories in developmental psychology, which is Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. It is a very interesting theory, and although it was influenced by Sigmund Freud, it centers more on the social component rather than the psychosexual stand of Freud. According to Erikson, our personal development occurs as we interact daily with others and have new experiences that shape us throughout our lives. This paper will review the eight stages of the psychosocial theory: 1. TrustRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development Essay1775 Words   |  8 Pages Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development is one of the most influential theories of human development. While highly influenced by the works of Sigmund Freud, Ericson’s theory incorporates the impact of society and conflicts of the ego, and expands it across the entire life-span of human existence. His theory breaks a life into eight stages of Psychosocial Development. In each stage a person will undergo a psychosocial crisis, which he defines as â€Å"†¦not a threat of catastrophe, but a turningRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory Essay1155 Words   |  5 Pagessocial development. In Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory, social interactions are an important and determining factor of lifespan development. Although Erikson was influenced by many of Sigmund Freud’s studies, his studies were based upon psychosocial development versus psychosexual development. Erikson, like Freud, emphasized the importance of childhood on personality develo pment, but unlike Freud, he believed that development occurred across the entire lifespan. Erikson thought personality developed

How to Make Disappearing Ink

Article Review Reducing Situational Violence - 826 Words

Article Review I: Reducing Situational Violence in Low-Income Couples Many couples experience IPV. IPV is more prevalent among couples of low economical status therefore it is important to support these types of couples (Cleary Gottman, 2012). Moreover low-income individuals are more likely to have experienced issues in their own family of origin such as divorce that can impact their current relationships in a negative way, thus the research in this article addresses the needs of these populations (Cleary Gottman, 2012). Thus the treatment of IPV, creating healthy relationships programs and the impact these programs has on IPV are all discussed in this article. Furthermore in this article review, I will define the main topics, strengths, limitations and clinical applications of the research. Topic of the Article This article examined low-income situational violence couples when a psycho-educational designed intervention was applied to reduce IPV (Cleary Gottman, 2012). This research is a quantitative study with an independent variable (therapeutic skills taught: friendship, sex/romance/passion, shared meaning and conflict management skills) and a dependent variable (IPV increase or decrease). It was hypothesized that using therapeutic skills taught to the couples during the interventions would reduce IPV (Cleary Gottman, 2012). A treatment group and a control group were used to examine 115 couples in which they were randomly assigned to a group. During differentShow MoreRelatedThe Effectiveness Of Gang Prevention Programs Essay1861 Words   |  8 PagesReview of the Effectiveness of Gang Prevention Programs: Community Crime Prevention Programs Introduction Community crime prevention programs incorporate practices that target changes in a community’s culture, physical environment, or infrastructure to reduce crime such as gang involvement and violence (Citation Needed). This paper will examine the following three different strategies used in crime prevention programs: focused deterrence strategy, problem-solving policing, and situational crimeRead MoreCommon Belief Of Video Game Violence1418 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature Review Common Belief of Video Game Violence Ever since the Columbine High School shooting in 1999 and the shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in 2012 (and many other incidents), there has been a belief among many people that playing violent video games causes children to commit violent crimes. These societal beliefs fall into the â€Å"moral panic† category where society believes that behavioral choices of others within a society poses a great risk to a society as a whole (Ferguson, 2008)Read MoreResearch Paper: Crime Prevention Strategies2484 Words   |  10 PagesContents Page Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...............4 Research Question (or hypothesis)...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 Research (including methodology)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...............4 Literature Review†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 Findings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..............6 Discussion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...7 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 Reference List†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9Read MoreEssay about Compare and Contrast Leadership Theories9999 Words   |  40 Pagesthe attainment of organizational or societal goals. The following sections discuss several important aspects of leadership including a description of what leadership is and a description of several popular theories and styles of leadership. This article also discusses topics such as the role of emotions and vision, as well as leadership effectiveness and performance, leadership in different contexts, how it may differ from related concepts (i.e., management), and some critiques of leadership as generallyRead MoreBusiness4225 Words   |  17 Pagesexperiencing violence in the school (Fajoju, 2009). Although the school had always remained one of the safest places, next to the home in a child’s life, one wonders if this still holds sway in our present society given the ever increasing spate of violence in our schools. Violence in schools is an issue that has become more prominent in the last few years, as news articles about violent deeds within the school setting is now on the increase. Despite the increasing rate of violence in schools, theRead MoreThe Effects Of Computer Games On Society3332 Words   |  14 Pageswhether violence in computer games has a direct link to violence in the society. It starts by looking into the definition of a violence and the type of violence that are common in our society today. The essay looks into the prevalence of and exposure to computer games in the modern society. It went further to investigate the impacts of computer games as an entertaining and recreational medium. In order to do justice to the aforementioned controversy between violence in computer games and violence in theRead MoreEffects of Urban Crime on the Urban Environment3791 Words   |  16 Pageshis article â€Å" Urban violence and contemporary defensive spaces† indicates that CRIME was always widespread during periods of the past. He argues that violent crime has been increasing at an alarming pace, in large metropolitan areas. â€Å"Urban environment and violent behavior 3 Design and form of the urban environment may directly control violence. The residential areas, for example, may be selected by a criterion of distance from populations with real or assumed tendencies to commit violence, or individualRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On The Perceptions Of Excessive Use Of Force Essay2343 Words   |  10 PagesArchbold, 2010). Regarding the Michael Brown case, many sources think it was racially motivated. This incident alone has sparked a debate concerning whether the number of white officers patrolling the majority black community is an issue or not. In an article written by DePillis, he states his opinion that if there was to be an increase of black policer officers it will not resolve the issue of police brutality because what people don’t know is, it’s more complex than we think. Research has shown thatRead MoreEssay on Nursing Turnover: Costs, Causes, Solutions2923 Words   |  12 Pageshigher turnover rates, hospitals cannot af ford to not invest in a nurse retention strategy, since a high nurse turnover results in nurse burnout and job dissatisfaction which in turn results in more turnover, forever feeding the cycle. Literature Review: Extensive research on impacts and determinants of nursing turnover has been done for decades resulting in numerous causative theories, research models, and strategies and solutions for retaining nurses. There is a wide array of theories of ‘determinants’Read MoreZero Tolerance Policing2958 Words   |  12 PagesTolerance Policing (ZTP) model (Brereton, 1999). The term Zero Tolerance originated in a report in 1994 by Kelling, Julian Miller, however the underlying criminological theory that initiated ZTP originated with Wilson Kellings’ 1982 article Broken Windows. The article considers the example of a building with several broken windows. If the windows remain in a state of disrepair, vandals may consider this free reign to break more windows, or even further vandalise the property. In essence the theory

Ebola Virus Disease

Question: Why ebola has not yet got a vaccine, compared to other conditions which do have vaccines? Answer: Introduction: Ebola virus disease is a disease that occurs amongst humans and other primates which is caused due to the attack of the Ebola virus. The medium of flow of the virus in the body is by the fluids of the body including blood. This is an air-borne disease so the people surrounding an infected person must be very careful and take preventive measures by covering themselves. The first case of Ebola came out in the year 1976 in Zaire. Until now, there were 24 outbreaks of the disease comprising 1716 cases. As of 7 March 2015, this outbreak has 24237 cases resulting in 9951 deaths. Community commitment is the key to effectively control the outbreaks. Firm outbreak control relies more on the application of the package of involvement, like contract tracing, observation and good management of case, a superior laboratory service, safe burial and social enlistment. Early compassionate care with rehydration, symptomatic treatment can help an infected individual improve. However, this depends on the spread of infection in his body. If the infection is more than 25%, then the virus is supposed to spread drastically (Nhs.uk, 2015). There is yet no approved treatment verified to implement a counter treatment to the virus but a range of drug therapies, immunology and range of other therapies are also developed (Prevention, 2015). Vaccination: Until now no specific treatment, medicine or Vaccination could be developed for the disease. The vaccination is still not in the hands of scientists because the scientists still do not know how it works in the human body. The scientists have the models of animals infected with the virus, which provides some glimpse of the disease, but in order to study the disease in humans, the scientists will have to work on the middle of the outbreak of the disease. To conduct a study like this becomes impossible because the longevity of the infected person is very less. The virus spreads very fast in the body and a person infected with 25 to 50% of the virus is likely to die within 3 to 4 days or at most 7 days. The prevention of Ebola virus from infecting the humans is the best and the only way right now to save them. This is done by putting the individuals in isolation who are infected by the viruses. Isolating individuals who can transmit the disease is the current method used to guard uninfected humans from Ebola viruses, but regrettably, in this current outbreak, the method of isolation has not been very efficient. Vaccine development began in the year 2003 against Ebola viruses but unfortunately, nothing is available currently. On the other hand, National Institutes of Health in the USA, due to this Ebola virus outbreak announced that preliminary treatment testing of an investigational vaccine for the prevention of Ebola virus diseasehad begun in September 2014.The institution claims to come up with sure positive vaccination before the next outbreak of the virus. At present there are no approved Ebola vaccines but two possible infected persons are undergoing evaluation (Who.int, 2015). References Nhs.uk, (2015).Ebola virus disease - NHS Choices. [online] Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ebola-virus/pages/ebola-virus.aspx [Accessed 11 Mar. 2015]. Prevention, C. (2015).2014 Ebola Outbreak in West Africa| Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever | CDC. [online] Cdc.gov. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/2014-west-africa/ [Accessed 11 Mar. 2015]. Prevention, C. (2015).Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever | CDC. [online] Cdc.gov. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/ [Accessed 11 Mar. 2015]. Who.int, (2015).WHO | Ebola virus disease. [online] Available at: https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/ [Accessed 11 Mar. 2015].

Religion and American Politics

Free Essays on Truman And The Atomic Bomb

President Truman’s decision to attack Japan with atomic bombs changed the world forever. There were many internal and external forces that led him to use such extreme force. This paper will examine the factors that led to President Truman’s decision to attack Nagasaki and Hiroshima, as well as look at the positive and negative factors of the alternatives to answer whether these actions were necessary. There were many different aspects of the war in Japan that led President Truman to use the atomic bombs. After Roosevelt’s death on April 14, 1945, one of Truman’s main concerns was to continue in Roosevelt’s footsteps and follow his example. He wanted Roosevelt’s legacy to continue and end the war as soon as possible with the smallest amounts of American casualties. Truman â€Å"inherited from Roosevelt the strategy of keeping American losses to a minimum, and he was committed to carrying it out for the remainder of the war† (p.9). Not only did Roosevelt’s policies influence him, but his own personal war experience affected him as well. Truman had served in World War I as an artillery captain, and saw all of the gruesome aspects of war, including seeing his comrades being slaughtered by the enemy. This helped Truman empathize with the soldiers and try to get them out of Japan as quickly as possible. Another reason Truman used the atomic bomb was the strong will of the Japanese to continue on with the war. Even once they realized defeat was inevitable, the Japanese planned to continue on until the very end. On June 8, 1945 the Japanese Emperor Hirohito â€Å"agreed to the military’s call for an all-out resistance to an American invasion† (p.31). The Japanese were prepared to face significant losses until they could surrender to less harsh consequences. The main concern of the Japanese was to keep their emperor in power. The Japanese emperor was the most highly regarded figure in Japan, and none of the Japanese were prepa... Free Essays on Truman And The Atomic Bomb Free Essays on Truman And The Atomic Bomb President Truman’s decision to attack Japan with atomic bombs changed the world forever. There were many internal and external forces that led him to use such extreme force. This paper will examine the factors that led to President Truman’s decision to attack Nagasaki and Hiroshima, as well as look at the positive and negative factors of the alternatives to answer whether these actions were necessary. There were many different aspects of the war in Japan that led President Truman to use the atomic bombs. After Roosevelt’s death on April 14, 1945, one of Truman’s main concerns was to continue in Roosevelt’s footsteps and follow his example. He wanted Roosevelt’s legacy to continue and end the war as soon as possible with the smallest amounts of American casualties. Truman â€Å"inherited from Roosevelt the strategy of keeping American losses to a minimum, and he was committed to carrying it out for the remainder of the war† (p.9). Not only did Roosevelt’s policies influence him, but his own personal war experience affected him as well. Truman had served in World War I as an artillery captain, and saw all of the gruesome aspects of war, including seeing his comrades being slaughtered by the enemy. This helped Truman empathize with the soldiers and try to get them out of Japan as quickly as possible. Another reason Truman used the atomic bomb was the strong will of the Japanese to continue on with the war. Even once they realized defeat was inevitable, the Japanese planned to continue on until the very end. On June 8, 1945 the Japanese Emperor Hirohito â€Å"agreed to the military’s call for an all-out resistance to an American invasion† (p.31). The Japanese were prepared to face significant losses until they could surrender to less harsh consequences. The main concern of the Japanese was to keep their emperor in power. The Japanese emperor was the most highly regarded figure in Japan, and none of the Japanese were prepa...

'The Searchers' Film Review Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

'The Searchers' Film Review - Assignment Example For example, traditional Western cowboys came from somewhat disadvantaged backgrounds and they did not occupy high position on the social ladder. However, Wayne’s character is not poor. He never had any financial problem and always seems to have a comfortable supply of gold. The Native Americans may or may not be the same as portrayed in the movie. Some Indian tribes may be vicious, but the same cannot be said for all and there is no reason to possess such racial hatred for the Indians as is possessed by Ethan in the film. There are power inequalities implied in the film between the Indians and the whites. These inequalities range from political power to employment to social relationships. The whites are certainly more privileged in all three areas than the Native Indians appear to be, hence the tension between the two racial groups grows. There is a dominant ideology of white supremacy which is depicted in the film. Through Indian warriors, backlash demonstrated by the tribes, massacres, kidnappings, and hatred towards slavery, the film shows a hegemonic negotiation

The Rhetorical Canon of I Have a Dream Assignment - 1

The Rhetorical Canon of I Have a Dream - Assignment Example The timeline concentrates on Lincoln’s signing the Emancipation Proclamation as the beginning of positive change.   The second third of the speech outlines the (then) current struggles of the Civil Rights Movement. This section of the speech addresses the shortcomings of progress toward full citizenship of blacks, acknowledges the support of some whites and calls for a continued, unified effort of civilized discourse and non-violent actions.   The third section of the speech calls for action to complete the process. Martin Luther King, Jr. preaches his vision of America, America intended by the Declaration of Independence, the founding fathers, and President Lincoln.   His conclusion follows the montage of â€Å"My Country ‘is of Thee† imagery tying a negro spiritual refrain dreamed as a unified call from all races and religions, â€Å"Free at last! free at last! thank God Almighty, we are free at last!† A great connection of pathos and logos.   The first content section of the speech begins with a paraphrase from Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address, â€Å"Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today...† cleverly ties the setting to the subject matter. This device is part repetition and part reference through paraphrasing. The description continues as a simile; the proclamation â€Å"came as a great beacon light of hope† and â€Å"as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity†. (King, 1963)   The introduction and conclusion bookend the speech with a hard cadence of â€Å"freedom† and â€Å"free†. (King, 1963) This style highlights the moral and ethical (ethos) belief that freedom for all Americans is unalienable (pathos).   

Impact of Natural Disaster on Infrastructure

Impact of Natural Disaster on Infrastructure We humans cannot envision when a regular calamity happens, and more often than not, when a natural disaster happens it brings a lot of wreckage and demise. Recent events show that a significant increase in number of natural calamities for natural and human made reasons which could have potentially very huge consequences on infrastructure. If those infrastructures fall the chain of accidents could lead to a catastrophic situation, and can affect the environment, the economy and people. This paper will focus on the study of the impact of natural disaster on infrastructure. This paper will analyze the methodology of assessing the risk regarding natural Calamity on critical infrastructure through the analysis of cascade effect. This paper will analyze a series of proposals to reduce the risk of such events. Rationale of the Study The significant increase in natural disasters has serious consequences on the population, environment and economy of the world. This consequence has been extended because of the development of Transport networks industrial plans and infrastructures. According to Rahman (2005), during the year of 1980 to 1990, the major catastrophic natural disasters was caused by a earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, lightning and violent winds. They have also analyzed the contributing factors regarding those natural disasters and its impacts on the infrastructure. Now critical infrastructure is a complex system of components that includes production, Transportation, communication, health, safety and activities that is necessary for social needs. So naturally if the infrastructure or Falls then sodas their communication system as well as the economy of the word. That is why there is a very significant impact of natural disasters on the infrastructure and economy of the world. And because of that this is a very important problem to study. Research Objectives Major objectives of this research are given below. To investigate the importance of infrastructure in modern economy To investigate the contributing factors of natural calamities To investigate the impact of natural calamities on infrastructure To recommend proposed ways to minimize the risks on natural calamities. According to Chen and Mark (2010), critical infrastructure is a series of complex system that involves production, Transportation, health, communication, safety and all the teams that is society needs to run. Now any destruction of this complex system or affect the overall economy as well as the working structure of the word. The potential sources of affecting the infrastructure can come from natural causes, technological causes or human origin causes. The disaster can also be triggered by a simple mistake which has a big consequence over the environment. And those risks can combine with each other to lead to an event complex situations where the consequences are even bigger. Natural reasons involve earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions and other natural emissions including floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, storms and climate change. On the other hand, the technological list on infrastructure involves fire, explosion, pick toxic chemicals release and other mechanical explosions that can affect infrastructure. And finally, the human cause two reasons involve human error, defect in design, carbon emission by human civilization that can lead to Natural disasters and many other (Showalter and Myers, 1994). Figure: Infrastructures Damaged by the Effects of the Earthquake. According to Birregah, Muller and Chà ¢telet (2011), earthquakes are one of the main reasons that do more harm to infrastructure than any other natural events. But earthquakes dont kill people, buildings do. They describe the effects of the 7.9 magnitude earthquake in 2008 in China where the main cause of death and injury was because of the collapse of a building due to earthquake. During this event, a lot of industrial facilities, where houses and buildings have destroyed and because of the destruction of those infrastructure a lot of people died and injured. On the other hand, a 9.0 magnitude earthquake occurred in Japan in 2011 who is causes a powerful aftershock that gave rise to a huge tsunami who treats several miles in Japan. The earthquake and tsunami destroyed the overall infrastructure in the country including roads, Bridges, ports, railways, buildings and other infrastructures. And because of the earthquake more than 28,000 people were dead or missing which created a havo c. Because of the earthquake and tsunami, the nuclear plant in Fukushima, Japan was destroyed the creating more disaster because of nuclear radiation. These also created a total blackout in many regions in Japan during the time (Krausmann and Cruz, 2013). This example shows how the combination of natural disasters and technological event can occur simultaneously and affect a whole countrys Industrial infrastructure thus leading to social crisis. Figure: The Accident Sequences Generated by the Earthquake. A natural event can also cause a chain of events that can lead to a complete destruction of a countrys infrastructure. The figure above shows how an earthquake give birth to a series of events that can completely destroy the critical infrastructure of a country. For example, if we consider the destruction of supply because of the chain event caused by an earthquake it can be found that the earthquake can produces a huge shock wave that create a tsunami and that can destroy the Nuclear Power Plant which produce energy. And because of the destruction of the nuclear power plant the whole country can face a complete blackout. And it takes a lot of time and money to rebuild the infrastructure destroyed by the natural disasters. This research will provide several recommendations to reduce the destructions and costs offered by natural disasters. Some proposed recommendations are given below. Dampers, also known as shock absorbers can be a very useful tool to absorb the shock wave during an earthquake while designing an earthquake resistant building. As concrete are able to withstand wind, hurricane, flowers and Fire; powerful concretes can be used to build earthquake resistant buildings. When designing a house or building, hipped roof or with stands can be used instead of flat or gable shaped roof. The reason is because hip shaped roofs are more stable than gable type roof. This paper will present proper methodology of carrying out risk assessments on infrastructure because of natural disaster. As natural disasters have a significant economic, social, environmental and political impact on the country, these disasters can cause a huge loss for a country. And that is why it is very important to always be prepared because natural disasters are very hard to predict. But by taking precautions it is possible to reduce disease done by natural disasters. Aldo tropical cyclones, floods, storms are predictable but severe natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunami are very hard to predict. Their examples where a single disaster led to a whole destruction of a countrys infrastructure. Besides, because of the difficulty of measuring the actual impact of natural disaster on the, economy continues to be a major challenge, it is not always possible to asses the proper loss caused by those disasters. So, the challenges are always big when it come s to natural disasters part by taking precautions it is possible to reduce the loss caused by those natural events. References Birregah, B., A. Muller and E. Chà ¢telet (2011) Interdependency-based Approach of Complex Events in Critical Infrastructure under Crisis: A First Step toward a Global Framework. In: (C. Soares, ed.) Advances in Safety, Reliability and Risk Management. London: CRC Press, Taylor Francis, pp. 149-155. Campedel, M., V. Cozzani, E. Crausmann and A. M. Cruz Naranjo (2008) Analysis of Natech Accidents Recorded in Major Accident Databases. In: Proceedings of PSAM9 International Conference on Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management, IAPSAM Int. Association for Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management, Hong Kong, China, May 18-23, pp. 1-8. Chen, Z. W. and H. Mark (2010) Impact Analysis of Natural Disasters Using Interrelation of Infrastructure and Associated Industries, Journal of Shanghai University (English ed.), 14(6):424-429. Kadri, F., P. Lallement and E. Chà ¢telet (2012) The Quantitative Risk Assessment of Domino Effect on Industrial Plants Using Colored Stochastic Petri Nets. Presented at PSAM11 and ESRELConference, Helsinki, Finland. Krausmann, E. and A. M. Cruz (2013) Impact of the 11 March 2011, Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami on the Chemical Industry, Natural Hazards, 67(2):811-828. Krausmann, E. and F. Mushtaq (2008) A Qualitative Natech Damage Scale for the Impact of Floods on Selected Industrial Facilities, Natural Hazards, 46(2):179-197. Krausmann, E., A. M. Cruz and B. Affeltranger (2010) The Impact of the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake on Industrial Facilities, Journal of Loss Prevention in Process Industries, 23(2):242-248. Rahman, S. (2005) Impact of Natural Disasters on Critical Infrastructures. In The 1st Bangladesh Earthquake Symposium. Dhaka, Bangladesh, December 14-15. Showalter, P. S. and M. F. Myers (1994) Natural Disasters in the United States as Release Agents of Oil, Chemicals, or Radiological Materials between 1980-1989: Analysis and Recommendations, Risk Analysis, 14(2):169-182.

Blogs and Attention Seeking Bloggers :: Internet

Blogs and Attention Seeking Bloggers Web logs are one of the newest things popping up on the Internet. â€Å"What is a web log?† one may ask. Well, a web log, otherwise known as blog, is a place on the web where a person can go to write down anything that they feel like writing in an archive that they have created. It’s a personal site almost like a diary, but it’s posted where anybody can gain access. Wondering why somebody would want to put their lives online made me think that bloggers are just seeking some kind of attention. I looked into this to see what attention they are looking for and discovered many things. Not all blogs seek attention, but some do. It all depends on which kind of blog the person created. The first thing about blogs that I discovered is that there isn’t one kind. A theory about the kinds of blogs that there are came from one of my classmates Adam who said that there were really three types of blogs. Adam puts blogs into three categories: Advertisement and non-personal informative, Personal, and The Hybrid. I also read an article by John C. Dvorak, a writer for PC Magazine. In his article, ‘The Blog Phenomenon’ Dvorak classifies bloggers into five categories; Ego gratification, Antidepersonalization, Elimination of frustration, Societal need to share, and Wanna-be writers. From this I realized that there must be different types of bloggers and they aren’t all the same. Adam’s theory and Dvorak’s article interested me enough to take a closer look at what blogs are all about. As I looked and thought about it there weren’t only three kinds of blogs, there seems to be more like a million. Then as I was looking I asked myself, Are bloggers looking for some kind of attention, and if so, what attention are they seeking and from whom To begin my research I started observing a blog that I randomly chose. My first instinct was that bloggers are teenage kids looking for a way to tell their boyfriend of girlfriend how much they loved them and that they couldn?t live with out them. Then when I started observing the blog â€Å"We Are Full of Shit,†I noticed that Jeremy Olson who started this blog took news articles and expressed his feelings about them. His blog was about sharing his point of view with the world, and sometimes it gave surprising reactions.

Dalit Discourse in Indian Education Dhanaraju Vulli Essay

Abstract There are two types of school system India in the issue of medium of instruction i.e the regional language system and the English language system. There is a clear cut division between the uppers castes elite children and Dalit children in getting of English medium education in Indian society. The Dalits children are given education in regional language schools while English language school education is meant for the upper castes children. This division has always been reflecting between government and private English medium schools. In the name of mother tongue the state and the upper caste elite always compel the regional medium of instruction in the policy making. This was one of the current problems in Indian Educational system. This paper can be divided into four parts. The first part will highlight the language policy after Indian Independence. The second part discusses the concept of mother tongue and its importance in the contextualizing of educational discourse in India. In the third part I would highlight the current debate on language policy and its importance in the Indian educational system. This is very important in the understanding of politics of medium of language in the present educational discourse. The last part deals with the response of the Dalits towards the English education and how they attack the upper caste nature towards regional medium education. In an attempt to locate the importance of educational policy in the wider socio-historical and political context, I will address an  ideological deconstruction of politics of mother tongue in the present Indian educational system. Keywords: English education, language, mother tongue, globalization. Introduction The question as to which language should be used as a medium of instruction in country like India is a debatable subject. The question is often posed in binary terms: Should the medium of instruction be a regional language or English? Language is a vehicle for learning as well as expression of ideas. An advanced language (English) helps in mentally provide people to  communicate each other across the world. On the other hand, an underdeveloped language has its limitations. It keeps people underdeveloped, more so those in deprived sections. The school system is divided into two types in the context of medium of instruction i.e the regional language system and the English language system. There is a clear cut division between the  uppers castes elite children and Dalit children in getting of English medium education in Indian society. The dalits  cholderns are given education in regional language schools while English language school education is meant for the upper castes childr en. This division has always been reflecting between  government and private English medium schools. In the name of mother tongue the state and the upper caste elite always compel the regional medium of instruction in the policy making. This was one of the current problems in Indian Educational system. India. In the third part I will highlight the current debate on language policy and its importance in the Indian educational system. This is very important in the understanding of politics of medium of language in the present educational discourse. The last part discusses the response of the Dalits towards the English education and how they attack the upper caste nature towards role of mother tongue in the Indian education .In an attempt to locate the importance of educational policy in the wider sociohistorical  and political context, I will address an ideological deconstruction of politics of mother tongue in the present Indian educational system. Historical View of the Language Policy in Indian Education The historical view of the evolution of the language policy in India let know us how the importance of English and its role in Indian Education. India is multilingual country. It has been reflecting in the formulation of the language policy. The Indian constitution has provided that the primary education must be taught through the mother tongue or regional language. However, a status survey of language instruction in the country exposed that of the 1652 mother tongues listed by the 1961  Census, there are 51 languages which are spoken by more than The present paper can be divided into four parts. The first part 100,000 people each. Of these 51 languages, 16 have no script of will highlight the language policy after Indian Independence. their own, and only the remaining 35 languages are accepted as The second part discusses the concept of mother tongue and its media of instruction at the school level1. English is a common importance in the contextualizing of educational discourse in  language and it is an obligatory language in the higher education The National Council of Educational Documented the demand and importance of English language in  the position paper in connection with the National Curriculum The Indian  government has been following three-language Framework (2005) as they stated: â€Å"English in India today is a formula in Education as the National Commission on Education symbol of people’s aspirations for quality in education and fuller 1964-1966 recommended. Subsequently three-language formula participation in national and international life†¦ The level of in Education was reflected in the National Education Policies of introduction of English has now become a matter of political 1968 and 1986. The Commission said that the three-language response to people’s aspirations, rendering almost irrelevant an system is an appropriate formula for the Indian school education academic debate on the merits of a very early introduction†. and it can be good approach to accommodate different language The Commission also mentioned that â€Å"English will continue to people but it has been criticized by the different sections in the enjoy a high status so long as it remains the principal medium of society on the implementation. The Dravidain movement in education at the university stage, and the language of Tamilnadau is the preeminent instance as they vehemently administration at the Central Government and in many of the states. Even after the regional languages become media of  opposed the imposition of Hindi language on south India. Higher education in the universities, a working knowledge of There is no proper planning for formulating language policy in English will be a valuable asset for all students and a India. It can be seen as a question of status planning rather than reasonable proficiency in the language will be necessary for achievement planning. Finally, the three- language formula has those who proceed to the university†. been emerged as a policy after elaborate debates and discussions among political and academic peoples with interest of national However, there is controversial about the English as a medium of instruction in Indian educational system. The contradiction of multilingual languages. The National Focus Group on Teaching of English has taken a  strong position in connection with ‘English language question’: The Central Advisory Board on Education also discussed on the â€Å"English is in India today a symbol of people’s aspiration for issue of English language and recommended that English must quality in education and a fuller participation in national and be compulsory subject in the schools from 6th class onwards and international life. Its colonial origins now forgotten or students must acquire enough knowledge of English so as to be irrelevant, its initial role in independence India, tailored to high able to receive education through this English in the higher education now felt to be insufficiently inclusive socially and education. There is another development took place in the linguistically, the current state of English stems from its development of language policy in India. The first National overwhelming presence on the world stage and the reflection of Education Commission had studied the recommendations given this in the national arena†4. by the Central Advisory Board on Education. Finally they came up with conclusion that three-language formula must be included There is an astonishing faith among all sections of the society in in the context of  multilingual Indian educational system. I argue both rural and urban areas that English has the transformative that once upon a time the English language was important part of power language. English is seen not just as a skill language, but a mechanism of exclusion language due to upper caste as a means of a better life, a pathway out of exclusion and nationalists’ creation as they differentiated native language and suppression from the unequal society. The English language has alien language but now it can be seen as a tool of inclusion. In emerged as a powerful agent for social change in India. the post modern India the English language is important factor to include all the sections of Indian society. The main reason is an Mother Tongue as the Medium of Instruction increasing demand for the language which is an important tool There is a popular perspective that advocates the use of mother for the progress and development of the country. Encourage linguistic diversity in schools. This perspective argue that mother tongues are not merely speech varieties but are  languages that provide social and emotional identity to  individuals, express the essence of their cultures, and give them a sense of rootedness. Schooling in the language of the child reflects respect for her and an appreciation of her culture. The exclusion of the mother tongues from school hence is seen as ‘harmful to the child’s self esteem’. According to Pattanaik5 children are thereby â€Å"reduced to  minorities in their own homes†. Extending the realm of  pedagogy, the argument links the acknowledgement and  acceptance by the school of the language and culture of the child to a positive identity of self and thereby to effective educational achievement. As Edward says, â€Å"the rejection of a child’s language is unlikely to enhance feelings of self worth which are important for educational success†6. Further, this perspective argues that â€Å"the right to education in a language that the child understands is a basic human right and an essential ingredient of equality in education†. Pattanaik forcefully observes that to â€Å"control and dictate the language of access† to knowledge is a â€Å"positive suppression of human talent. It deprives individual and society of free choices, curbs creativity and innovativeness and restricts participation or potential participation in mul tiple spheres of human interaction, thus imposing limits on freedom†. Current Debate on Medium of Instruction Current language politics in India is an exemplary case of the issues and controversies surrounding linguistic globalization. A primary characteristic of linguistic globalization is the increasing spread and domination of the English language, which we can  capture by the term ‘global English’8. As a post-colonial democracy, India provides a context for examining linguistic globalization that is generalizable to other cases. Furthermore, in juxtaposition to the homogenizing tendency of global English, India embraces multilingualism; its federal system is based on its linguistic diversity. India’s first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, a modern  socialist at heart and one of the premier leaders at the 1955 Bandung conference, was utterly convinced of this linkage  between the English language and technology and modernity9.  Yet he also â€Å"discovered India† through its rich and enduring diversity. He valued the adivasi, or tribal, cultures of India as much as, if not more  than, for example, the Bengali bhadralok, an early middle-class intelligentsia that emerged under colonial The Chennai Declaration (2012) has emphasized the importance rule. of mother tongue in the multi-lingual country like India as â€Å"One 10 of the significant commonalties of the Common School System As well documented by Robert King (1998), Nehru, as well as will be the plurality of mother tongues in dynamic interface with many others feared that the major regional languages of multilingualism of child’s neighborhood. This would duly independent India, such as local languages, could be divisive by include Braille and other sign languages as well. According to fomenting narrow identities, leading to â€Å"fissiparous tendencies† this radical and dynamic conception of language education, that could tear India apart. The narrative of English as the mother tongue with a multi-lingual interface is acknowledged as language of modernity and regional languages such as regional the most potent medium of education to enable the child to i. as pre-modern, parochial and even reactionary was well given the nostalgia for  think, analyze and act; ii. acquire, internalize and transform established in Nehruvian India. Today, modern language knowledge critically; iii. Learn other the caliber of Nehru’s leadership , such Nehruvian narratives languages, including English, proficiently; iv.catalyze cultural still resonate. Indeed, many of India’s political and economic and literary renaissance; v. Negotiate with the dominant process leaders today espouse the Nehruvian language ideology. of alienation with advantage, thereby avoiding being pushed-out; and vi. Question and resist oppression and explore the path of Nandan Nilekani, the co-founder of Infosys Company has put it; in India today English is a symbol of an economy comes of  age12. It is the language of international business, science and This approach believes in quality education. The quality research. In contrast, Nilekani depicts supporters of Kannada in education begins with mother tongue. Mother tongue is very the English-versus-Kannada controversy as  Ã¢â‚¬Å"chauvinistic† and important that gives high levels of ability in learning many ideologically and politically motivated. As part of Nilekani’s languages in India. Indian constitution also acknowledged the accusation of the ideological nature of pro-Kannada forces is the importance of mother tongue language as the National Curricular claim that they are denying access to English to those who have Framework, 2005 and the Right of Children to free and historically been the have-nots in Indian society, in particular the Compulsory Education Act, 2009 provided the mother tongue as lower-castes and the lowest-of-the low, the Dalits or tool for development critical thinking. However, for most Untouchables. children, particularly for the tribal and minority language children, there is no provision for education in the mother This language ideology of English as a skill, a ‘key’ or tongue. Education of such children imposes an unfamiliar school ‘passport’ critical for â€Å"upward mobility† fits in with a larger language on them, which often leads to large scale dropouts. narrative on globalization. This globalization narrative depicts Mother tongue based multilingual education for at least 6 to 8 globalization as inevitable, a force on its own with no one or no  entity directing or controlling it. Globalization, in this narrative, regional language schools cannot therefore think of achieving is an autonomous, â€Å"invisible hand† process. The linguistic anything in the globalised economy†. dimension of this process is one where English is seen as neutral Accordingly, â€Å"the divide between the English medium schools and inevitably spreading globally. The regional language schools is a caste-class divide†, which In this context, one of the most prominent public intellectuals in can be overcome by the marginalized â€Å"hijacking† the tool of India today, Ramachandra Guha differs with Nandan Nilekani exclusion, English17. As the leaders of a Dalit Association in and claim that support for Kannada is not chauvinistic, except Hyderabad Central University, put it: â€Å"The middle class and the when the private sector is obligated, or forced, to use it. It is rich can afford to send their children to private schools. For the legitimate and indeed preferable for the government to endorse poor and Dalit, the only option is government schools. Then why and approve of changing the official name of Bangalore to the these people were denied an opportunity to learn English†18. For more Kannadiga â€Å"Bengaluru,† according to Guha; it is not these Dalit leaders, those opposing English in state schools are legitimat e for regional language enthusiasts to economically â€Å"regressive and biased† English, and the pro-English linguistic disenfranchise migrants from other parts of India, as for example globalization narrative, are seen as empowering the powerless pro-Marathi fanatics in Bombay have attempted A similar, and a necessary tool for upward mobility. â€Å"soft† liberalism reasoning seems to have been the basis for the Karnatak High Court decision in the summer of 2008 against the In the central schools the medium of instruction is where the state government mandating Kannada as the medium of upper castes and other central government employee children get instruction in private schools13. The court’s decision repeatedly the education. Even though the children of a few reserved referred to the freedom of parents to make choices for their category employees’ children benefit from these schools, the children, i.e., the freedom of the individual and, by extension, divide between the English medium schools and the regional the market based on individua l choices. Language schools is a caste or class divide based on social and economic category. The divide itself was created by upper caste More recently, Kannada activists have been seeking classical intellectuals for their own vested interest. Since the days of language status for Kannada-a further central governmental Indian national movement the upper caste intelligentsia argued categorization. This is the political space opened up for investing  that the colonial rule particularly Lord Thomas Macaulay had Kannada speakers with the â€Å"moral content of a community.† In introduced English education that convert local people into other words, to act politically, i.e., to make political claims, clerks to serve in colonial government. The real character of the regional language activists need to build community, and invest English education was emphasized by Lord Machulay often that community with moral content. There is indeed Kannada quoted ‘flourish India in blood and the colour but European in chauvinists who preach an exclusive Kannadiga identity14, task and manner’, the educational enterprise of the Government giving a â€Å"divisive and dangerous†15 or â€Å"particularist at all levels of education remained within the confines of protectionist† content to their politics. But we need not condemn colonial needs and did not break the limits of colonial interest. all pro-local language politics as such. Language politics in India With this concept, colonial education elevated western is contested because of the moral content with which many local knowledge and culture that represented the colonizer. For language activists have been able to imbue the community, i.e., instance, Grants, the East India Company officer stated that ‘for with a political transformation that is empowering and moral. the continuation of British rule it was necessary to create a cla ss of Indians’ that people brought about only from the western knowledge. This perhaps, was a natural consequence of the ideas Dalit Discourse on Medium of Instruction References 17. Aggarwal Kailash S., ‘English, Laloo: a Bihari Story’, The Independent, (Bombay), 23rd September, (1993) Chaturvedi M.G and Mahel B.V., Position of Languages in School Curriculum in India, NCERT, New Delhi, (1976) 18. Interview with Mr. Gummadi Prabhakar and Dara Suman leaders of Ambedkar Students’ Association, Hyderabad Agarwal S.P. (ed )., Commissions and Committees in India, Central University, Hyderabad, Dated: 12th May, (2013) Vol. 5, Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi, (1993) Government of India., Report of the National Knowledge 19. Terry Eagleton, Ideology,( Longman, New York), 13,(1996) Commission, New Delhi, (2007) NCERT National Council of Educational Research and 20. Dalit Freedom Network http://www.nd Dalit network. org/go?/dfn/about/C33/, Accessed on 22 May, (2013) Training, National Focus Group Position Paper on Teaching of English, NCERT, New Delhi, 1, (2006) International Science Congress Association

Minimum Wage Essay - 2213 Words

Introduction This critical literature review will focus on the impact of the National Minimum Wage on employment. This is an area we have had to familiarise ourselves with more and more throughout the last ten years because of the controversial effect of its instalment in April 1999 and its ever increasing minimum wage amount which causes most concern. The application of a few statistics should help summarise the ever increasing minimum wage and the sheer scale of people affected by its introduction. The national minimum wage has increased by a staggering 59% in the last ten years; from  £3.60 in April 1999 to  £5.73 in October 2008. (HRM, 2008) According to George Sayers Bain (1999) as from April 1999, the year of its instalment , â€Å"some†¦show more content†¦Research from Wilson (1989) has suggested it could lead to consequential job losses. To support Wilson’s suggestion, that a negative effects exists, is the assumption derived from the supply and demand theory. Illustrated below is a diagram similar to that of the research of Power P (2005). When you raise the cost of something (i.e. the minimum wage), demand to employ more workers declines which therefore would imply a negative effect on employment. Cox’s (1999, cited by Pavlenkov, 1999) implementation of the supply and demand theory is more mind friendly, Just as a worker will only offer his labor time for a wage he finds beneficial, an employer will only be willing to pay workers a wage that permits him to earn a profit. The higher the wage, the fewer workers the employer will employ. This is what economists mean when they invoke the law of supply and demand. Inevitably many studies openly criticise this whole supply and demand theory. Card and Krueger (1995, cited in George Sayers Bain, 1998) were amongst the first economists to argue and diminish suggestions that the minimum wage would lead to job loss. They were in fact in complete contrast to this view as evidence collected, with regards to the fast food industry of various states in the USA, implied that in those states where minimum wages were enforced triggered employment growth whilst those states not enforced by the law to use the minimum wage didn’t indicate any growth. Whereas leadingShow MoreRelatedMinimum Wage And The Wage916 Words   |  4 PagesEliminate the Minimum Wage Darity Has described minimum wage as: â€Å"Minimum-wage legislation has been to improve the terms of employment of the least-fortunate wage earners.† (Darity) Since the beginning of minimum wage laws in 1270 France the intentions of minimum wage legislation has been good. The idea is that a worker is worth a certain amount regardless of the work they are able to do. One can see how this could create inefficiencies in an economy. The law was meant to help poor families.Read MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage Essay1208 Words   |  5 Pages Minimum wage requires paying every employee a specific wage regardless of the employee productivity. It is the responsibility of the government to set the minimum wage. To understand this, a biology analogy can be used: some animals are stronger compared to others. In economic perspective, some people are relatively unable to deliver compared to others. Among them include, disabled, unskilled, and the youth. Due to their low productivity, th ey are entitled lower wages corresponding to their effortsRead MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage Essay1728 Words   |  7 PagesRoyer Political Science 120 7 November 2016 Increase Minimum Wage Introduction The United States’ minimum wage has been a concerning issue amongst the low wage earners because of the amount they earn is not enough for them to live on their own. Therefore causing the citizens who earn minimum wage to have an impossible time finding a place to stay and expenses for daily survival. Increasing the minimum wage will solve the issues that the minimum wage earners make, thus increasing the chances of survivalRead MoreThe Wage Is The Minimum Wage1098 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 9 6/5/16 â€Å"The minimum wage is the minimum hourly wage an employer can pay an employee for work. Currently, the federal minimum wage is $7.25 an hour (part of the Fair Labor Standards Act) and some states and cities have raised their minimum wage even higher than that.† minimum wage was first introduced during the great depression in 1930s. Before it was introduced thousands of people were forced to work in horrible conditions for pennies a week. Early attempts on minimum wage was ruled unconstitutionalRead MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage1437 Words   |  6 Pages Minimum wage was established on October 24, 1938 after President Roosevelt signed the Fair Labor Standards Act. (Grossman) Minimum wage was set to allow working class citizens an opportunity to work a reasonable amount of hours for pay that would enable individuals to maintain a minimal quality life. In today’s economics minimum wage is used as a price control or price floor that the government enforces. A price floor is a minimum price for a product or service above the market’s equilibrium priceRead MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage1269 Words   |  6 PagesMinimum Wage There are a lot of people around the world who struggle with money and a satisfactory way of life. Whether they be in the United States or across the globe, there is a standard minimum wage set for the working class of their country. In the Unites States, there is a federal minimum wage of seven dollars and twenty five cents per hour worked. Almost every state has another set minimum wage, which typically is a little higher than the federal minimum wage, but it cannot be lower thanRead MoreThe Wage Of The Minimum Wage871 Words   |  4 PagesWith the presidential elections right around the corner policy on minimum wage has come up for debate once again. William Hoar from The New American argues in his article â€Å"Misguided minimum wage mandate† that raising the minimum wage will only result in loss of jobs. According to the editorial board at USA Today, â€Å" inflation adjusted income of the top 1 percent has grown by 58 percent and the remaining 99 percent has only gr own by 6.4 percent†. They then state that a raise to 15 dollars an hour onlyRead MoreMinimum Wage863 Words   |  4 PagesMinimum wage is a controversial topic because everybody wants more. People want more money and some think that just increasing minimum wage can increase more money that they get. However, this is far from the truth as sometimes employers can’t pay their employers more than minimum wage. Not to mention that if the minimum wage goes up so does the price of everything else in order to adjust for the new price. So essentially increasing the wage majorly does nothing except maybe lower the value of yourRead MoreMinimum Wage and Its Implications763 Words   |  3 PagesMinimum wage affects everyone. The current minimum wage is at $7.25 and President Obama announced that he wished to see a change in the minimum wage, he wants to raise the hourly wage to $10.10. A rise in the income of those who are employed will also raise the cost of hiring unskilled lab or and can potentially reduce the number of people hired by businesses. Also, if minimum wage is raised then the price of the products that the companies are making might increase which will continue the cycle ofRead MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage1639 Words   |  7 PagesMinimum wage is one of the many microeconomic policies that serve to correct imbalance in the economy. It is defined as the lowest amount of remuneration required of an employer to pay his employees during a given period of work. There exist different laws in different states that can fix the minimum wage policy. A current economic issue is minimum wage, or specifically, its pertinence to social inequality. Many sectors of society would be affected by changes in this policy. Minimum wage relies on